面對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情和錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的國(guó)際環(huán)境，中國(guó)不斷優(yōu)化營(yíng)商環(huán)境，為跨國(guó)公司在華發(fā)展提供了重要?jiǎng)恿?。多家跨?guó)公司總裁表示，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力巨大，前景光明，疫情不會(huì)改變他們?cè)谌A發(fā)展的信心和決心。
Employees of Fujifilm present a device with a three-dimensional imaging technology at the 4th China International Import Expo in Shanghai on Nov 9. [Photo provided to China Daily]
There was a time, not too long ago, when all that multinational corporations had to do to succeed in China was employ a simple, time-tested formula: Bring in bestselling products, popularize them, make profits, build local factories, expand or enhance the product portfolio, throw in some value-added services, and, maybe, even hire local CEOs, in order to reach more consumers in lower-tier cities.不久之前，跨國(guó)公司要想在中國(guó)取得成功，唯一需要做的就是采用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單、久經(jīng)考驗(yàn)的公式：引進(jìn)暢銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品，推廣普及，盈利，在當(dāng)?shù)亟◤S，擴(kuò)大或完善產(chǎn)品組合，投入一些增值服務(wù)，甚至可能雇傭當(dāng)?shù)厥紫瘓?zhí)行官，以便獲得二線城市的更多消費(fèi)者。
Well, MNCs now realize that formula will no longer suffice, experts said. So, MNCs ranging from established manufacturers to renowned energy giants are altering their China strategies with newfound zeal.
專(zhuān)家表示，跨國(guó)公司現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到，這個(gè)公式已經(jīng)不夠用了。因此，從老牌制造商到知名能源巨頭，跨國(guó)公司都在以全新的熱情改變其在華戰(zhàn)略。
For instance, by the end of May, as many as 848 MNCs had their regional headquarters set up in Shanghai. Despite recent COVID lockdowns, the megacity remains the proud home to 512 foreign-funded research and development centers, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce said.
例如，截至5月底，多達(dá)848家跨國(guó)公司在上海設(shè)立了地區(qū)總部。上海市商務(wù)委員會(huì)表示，盡管因新冠疫情上海最近經(jīng)歷了封控，但仍有512家外資研發(fā)中心在這座超大城市落戶。
Reasons abound for MNCs' focus on China, experts said. For one, China is the world's second-largest economy (GDP: $17.7 trillion at the annual average exchange rate in 2021). For another, it is humongous in terms of sheer geographical spread and population.
專(zhuān)家表示，跨國(guó)公司關(guān)注中國(guó)的原因很多。首先，中國(guó)是世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體（按2021的年平均匯率計(jì)算，GDP為17.7萬(wàn)億美元）。另一方面，中國(guó)地理分布廣和人口龐大。
Add to that factors like rising disposable incomes that stoke consumption upgrade, huge demographic segments of consumers, future growth prospects, economic resilience amid the COVID-19 pandemic and game-changing multilateral, regional and bilateral trade agreements, and it becomes easy to understand why MNCs are furiously developing China-specific strategies, experts said.
再加上推動(dòng)消費(fèi)升級(jí)的可支配收入增加、龐大的消費(fèi)者群體、未來(lái)的增長(zhǎng)前景、疫情中顯現(xiàn)出的經(jīng)濟(jì)韌性以及重要的多邊、區(qū)域和雙邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定，很容易理解跨國(guó)公司為何熱衷制定中國(guó)戰(zhàn)略。
The current COVID-induced downward pressure and disruptions to industrial and supply chains notwithstanding, China has been trying to make the most of the brightening dynamic in its market.
盡管當(dāng)前疫情引發(fā)了下行壓力，并擾亂了產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈，但中國(guó)一直在努力充分利用其市場(chǎng)的光明活力。
For instance, over and above reforms and higher-level opening-up, there are proactive consultations with business leaders; thrust on high-tech, innovation and digitalization; efforts to reform the World Trade Organization for a just and fair multilateral trading system; and a host of other fiscal and monetary tweaks from time to time－all to ensure MNCs receive a level playing field in China.
例如，除了推進(jìn)更深層次改革、更高水平開(kāi)放外，還與企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人進(jìn)行了積極的協(xié)商；推動(dòng)高科技、創(chuàng)新和數(shù)字化；推動(dòng)世界貿(mào)易組織改革，形成更加公正合理的多邊貿(mào)易體制；以及進(jìn)行一系列其他財(cái)政和貨幣政策調(diào)整，所有這些都是為了確保跨國(guó)公司在中國(guó)獲得一個(gè)公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境。
Denis Depoux, managing director of Roland Berger, a global consultancy, said China will remain an attractive market, a superior industrial cluster and an increasingly efficient innovation hub for most MNCs.
全球咨詢公司羅蘭貝格總經(jīng)理丹尼斯·德普克斯表示，對(duì)于大多數(shù)跨國(guó)公司來(lái)說(shuō)，中國(guó)仍是一個(gè)頗具吸引力的市場(chǎng)、優(yōu)越的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和日益高效的創(chuàng)新中心。
What is more, the China market increasingly demonstrates distinct characteristics, particularly in consumption patterns, technology and evolution of business formats.
此外，中國(guó)市場(chǎng)日益顯示出鮮明的特點(diǎn)，尤其是在消費(fèi)模式、技術(shù)和商業(yè)模式的演變方面。
In response, MNCs in China are betting big on localization, engagement with various stakeholders, increased investments and emerging business models, Depoux said.
德普克斯表示，因此在華跨國(guó)公司正大力押注于本地化、與各利益相關(guān)者的接觸、增加投資和創(chuàng)新商業(yè)模式。
Agreed Nathan Stoner, vice-president of the United States-based power solutions provider Cummins Inc and chairman of Cummins China. Stoner said Cummins' presence in China is critical to the company's growth globally. China continues to be the largest end-market by volume in many of its application markets, and one of the fastest developing markets for new energy like hydrogen.
美國(guó)康明斯公司副總裁、康明斯中國(guó)董事長(zhǎng)納森·斯通納認(rèn)可這一觀點(diǎn)。斯通納表示，康明斯在中國(guó)的業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)該公司的全球增長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要。中國(guó)仍然是其多個(gè)應(yīng)用市場(chǎng)中體量最大的終端市場(chǎng)，也是氫等新能源發(fā)展最快的市場(chǎng)之一。
"More recently, we have been following the focus on the promotion of technological innovation, environmental sustainability, and closer cross-border collaboration," Stoner said. "We will start operations at our expanded East Asia R&D center in Wuhan, Hubei province, in the third quarter of this year, with $150 million investment to incubate new technologies."
斯通納稱(chēng)：“最近，我們一直關(guān)注促進(jìn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、環(huán)境可持續(xù)性和更密切的跨境合作。我們?cè)诤笔∥錆h市擴(kuò)大的東亞研發(fā)中心將于今年第三季度開(kāi)始運(yùn)營(yíng)，投資1.5億美元孵化新技術(shù)?！?/p>
Cummins is building its China headquarters for new power business in Shanghai. Upon completion, it will house a hydrogen technical center and fuel cell assembly operations.
康明斯正在上海為新的電力業(yè)務(wù)建設(shè)其中國(guó)總部，建成后，將擁有一個(gè)氫技術(shù)中心和燃料電池組裝作業(yè)線。
It is not just certain MNCs that are sanguine about China. Data confirm a broader trend. For instance, in the first five months of this year, foreign direct investment flowing into the Chinese mainland, in actual use, expanded 17.3 percent year-on-year to 564.2 billion yuan ($84.04 billion), data from the Ministry of Commerce showed.
不僅僅是某些跨國(guó)公司對(duì)中國(guó)市場(chǎng)感到樂(lè)觀。數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了宏觀趨勢(shì)。例如，商務(wù)部數(shù)據(jù)顯示，今年前五個(gè)月，流入中國(guó)大陸的實(shí)際使用外商直接投資同比增長(zhǎng)17.3%，達(dá)到5642億元人民幣。
In the services sector alone, foreign capital in actual use grew by 10.8 percent year-on-year to 423.3 billion yuan in the January-May period. High-tech industries, high-tech manufacturing and high-tech services grew by 42.7 percent, 32.9 percent and 45.4 percent, respectively.
1-5月，僅服務(wù)業(yè)實(shí)際使用外資4233億元，同比增長(zhǎng)10.8%。高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)、高科技制造業(yè)和高科技服務(wù)業(yè)分別增長(zhǎng)42.7%、32.9%和45.4%。
Investment from the Republic of Korea, the US and Germany climbed by 52.8 percent, 27.1 percent and 21.4 percent, respectively.
韓國(guó)、美國(guó)和德國(guó)的投資分別增長(zhǎng)了52.8%、27.1%和21.4%。
Sheng Qiuping, vice-minister of commerce, said the Chinese market will remain open and unleash more opportunities for global companies, as the fundamentals of the Chinese economy will continue to improve.
商務(wù)部副部長(zhǎng)盛秋平表示，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展基本面持續(xù)向好，開(kāi)放的中國(guó)大市場(chǎng)，必將為各國(guó)企業(yè)發(fā)展提供更多機(jī)遇。
China will reinforce the role of fair competition to support the growth of a unified domestic market to further integrate its economy globally and expand high-level opening-up, he said.
他表示，中國(guó)將強(qiáng)調(diào)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)原則，支持建設(shè)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一大市場(chǎng)，促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)更好聯(lián)通接軌、實(shí)現(xiàn)高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放。
Earlier this year, China fully implemented the negative list for foreign investment, expanded the encouraged investment catalog, improved services for investment promotion, and added more cities to the pilot program of opening the services sector.
今年早些時(shí)候，中國(guó)全面實(shí)施外資準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，擴(kuò)大鼓勵(lì)外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄，健全外商投資和促進(jìn)服務(wù)體系，并新增服務(wù)業(yè)擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放綜合試點(diǎn)。
In April, the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, China's Cabinet, jointly released a guideline on accelerating the establishment of a unified domestic market that is highly efficient, rule-based, fair for competition and open.
《中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于加快建設(shè)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一大市場(chǎng)的意見(jiàn)》于2022年4月發(fā)布。
The guideline includes plans covering six areas like market regulation and supervision, and measures against unfair competition and market intervention.
《意見(jiàn)》從六個(gè)方面明確了加快建設(shè)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一大市場(chǎng)的重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，包括市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管、反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和市場(chǎng)干預(yù)措施等。
That China's approach has been effective is borne out by Tesla Inc's Shanghai factory, which started production in just 12 months, said Sherri He, managing director for China of Kearney, a US-based management consulting firm.
美國(guó)管理咨詢公司科爾尼大中華區(qū)總裁賀曉青表示，特斯拉上海工廠證明中國(guó)的做法是行之有效的，該工廠僅在12個(gè)月內(nèi)就開(kāi)始生產(chǎn)。
Tesla's China plant produced over 484,000 vehicles in Shanghai in 2021, accounting for 52 percent of its global sales. Some 160,000 of these vehicles were exported, showing that much of the production met local demand, she said.
2021，特斯拉在中國(guó)上海的工廠生產(chǎn)了48.4萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)，占其全球銷(xiāo)量的52%。賀曉青稱(chēng)，其中約有16萬(wàn)輛出口，表明大部分生產(chǎn)滿足了當(dāng)?shù)匦枨蟆?/p>
Although China's cost competitiveness in labor has gradually declined, there are many other areas where the country has improved its competitiveness, she said. For example, its middle-income group is growing. Domestic demand is burgeoning. Higher value-added industries now boast technology-backed supply chains.
賀曉青稱(chēng)，盡管中國(guó)在勞動(dòng)力成本方面的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力逐漸下降，但在許多其他領(lǐng)域，中國(guó)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力有所提高。例如，中國(guó)的中等收入群體正在增長(zhǎng)，國(guó)內(nèi)需求正在增長(zhǎng)。如今，高附加值行業(yè)擁有技術(shù)支持的供應(yīng)鏈。
Concurred Greg Holman, president for China unit of Stryker Corp, a US-based medical technology provider. "Even though the COVID-19 pandemic has presented temporary challenges, they do not change our commitment to China. We will open our China Innovation Center in Shanghai next year."
美國(guó)醫(yī)療技術(shù)提供商史賽克中國(guó)分公司總裁格雷格·霍爾曼表示贊同?！氨M管疫情帶來(lái)了暫時(shí)的挑戰(zhàn)，但這并沒(méi)有改變我們對(duì)中國(guó)的承諾。明年我們將在上海開(kāi)設(shè)中國(guó)創(chuàng)新中心?！?/p>
來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)編輯：董靜
來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)
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